icpeev-2024

ICM3 – 2026

The 1st International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics (ICM³ 2026), hosted by Mahindra University, Hyderabad aims to provide a platform for graduate and research scholars, as well as scientists in industry and academia, to share new research and highlight ongoing R&D work. The conference theme, “Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics: Engineering the Future,” balances classical mechanical engineering with future-focused innovations. The conference will feature keynote lectures by invited experts and technical paper presentations.

We invite submissions of papers from the following tracks:

  • Mechanics & Dynamics: This track covers topics like applied and computational mechanics, fluid and thermal systems, biomechanics, finite element analysis, and multi-body dynamics.
  • Materials & Manufacturing: Areas of focus include advanced materials, microstructures and composites, conventional and advanced manufacturing, additive and digital manufacturing, and sustainable and smart manufacturing systems.
  • Mechatronics & Automation: This track encompasses mechatronic systems and control, robotics and intelligent automation, industrial and smart automation, and special applications in automation.
  • Energy & Propulsion: Topics include sustainable energy systems, solar and wind energy, energy storage, air-breathing propulsion, and rocket propulsion.
Conference Committee:
Chief Patrons:

  • Prof. Yajulu Medury, Vice Chancellor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Prof. Bishnu Pal, Dean Academics, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Prof. Arya Bhattacharya, Dean Research, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Prof. Arun Pujari, Advisor & Professor Emeritus, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Conference Chair:

  • Prof.  Debasis Chakraborty, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Convener:

  • Dr. Sebastian Uppapalli, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Co-Convener:

  • Dr. Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Technical Program Committee:

  • Dr. K. Ananthanarayanan – Advisor, DRDL, Hyderabad
  • Mr. Sandeep Thakur, Advisor, Airbus India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru
  • Dr. Sundar Krishnaswami, Advisor – GE Aviation
  • Dr. Kondaiah Pulla, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Dr. Gouripriya S, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Dr. Manjul Sharma, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Track Chairs:
Mechanics & Dynamics

  • Dr. Prasad Pokkunuri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Materials & Manufacturing

  • Dr.  Palash Roy Choudhury, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Mechatronics & Automation

  • Dr.  Deep Seth, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Energy & Propulsion

  • Dr.  Ravi Bompelly, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Organizing Committee Chairs:
 
Finance and Budget

  • Dr. Sebastian Uppapall, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Publicity and Outreach

  • Dr. K. M. Kiran Babu, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Pre-Conference Workshops

  • Dr. Jagan Padbidri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Logistics and Venue

  • Dr. Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Awards and Grants

  • Dr. Prahallada J, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Sponsorship and Exhibition

  • Dr. Devanandham Henry, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Registration

  • Prof. Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Volunteer Coordination

  • Dr. Praveen Konka, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
Call for Papers (CFP) 10 October 2025
Last Date for Submission of Extended Abstracts 10 November 2025
Notification of Accepted Papers 10 January 2025
Last Date Early Bird Registration 10 February 2026
Submission of Camera Ready Paper 10 March 2026
Last Date for Registration 15 March 2026
Conference 23 – 25 March 2026
Track 1:  Mechanics & Dynamics Track 2:  Materials and Manufacturing
Applied Mechanics  Conventional and Advanced Manufacturing
Biomechanics Machining, Casting, Forming, and Joining
Finite Element Analysis for Solids and Fluids Micro/Nano Manufacturing
Engineering Optimization Tool Wear
Fatigue, Fracture and Failure Analysis Surface Integrity
Fluid Structure Interaction Process Optimization
Multi-Body Dynamics Tribology in High-Speed and Precision Manufacturing
Fluid and Thermal Systems Additive and Digital Manufacturing
Fundamental Studies in Fluid Mechanics 3D/4D printing of Metals, Polymers and Ceramics
Instability, Transition and Turbulence Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
Measurement Techniques for Fluid Flow Digital Twins
Multi-Phase Flow Process Monitoring and Data Driven Manufacturing
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing Systems
Thermal Systems Simulation Energy Efficient Manufacturing
Eco-Friendly Manufacturing
AI-Integrated Manufacturing
Life Cycle Analysis
Industry 4.0
Internet of Things
Automation for Flexible and Intelligent Production Systems
Material and Characterization
Nanomaterials
Composites
Functional and Smart Materials
Surface Coatings
Advanced characterization techniques (SEM, XRD and TEM)
Track 3:  Mechatronics and Automation Track 4:  Energy and Propulsion
 Mechatronic System and Control Solar Energy Systems
Embedded Systems Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems and Innovations
Smart Actuators and Sensors Solar Tracking Systems and Performance Optimization
Real-Time Control Wind Energy Systems
Modeling and Simulation Onshore and Offshore Wind Farm Design
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Aerodynamics and Blade Optimization
Adaptive Control Wind Turbine Control Systems and Condition Monitoring
Robust Control Hybrid Wind-Solar Systems
Model Predictive Control Energy Storage and AI
Robotics and Intelligent Automation Flow Batteries and Long-Duration Storage Systems
Mobile Robots Thermal Energy Storage and Phase-Change Materials
Autonomous Navigation Hydrogen and Ammonia as Energy Storage Mediums
Robot Kinematics and Dynamics Supercapacitors and Flywheel Energy Storage
Trajectory Planning AI Based Battery Management Systems (BMS) and Safety
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) AI Based Renewables Forecasting
Swarm Robotics Airbreathing Propulsion
AI in control Advances in Jet Engine Technology
Machine Learning Turbomachinery Aerodynamics
Machine Vision Design and Optimization
Industrial and Smart Automation Turbine Heat Transfer and Colling
PLCs Gas Turbine Combustion
SCADA Systems Combustion Modeling
ProcessAutomation Variable Cycle Engines for Future Combat Aircraft
Industry 4.0 AI and Machine Learning in Engine Health Monitoring
Cyber-Physical Systems Supersonic and Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion
Industrial IoT (IIOT) Rotating Detonation Engines
Predictive Maintenance Rocket Propulsion
Digital Twins Solid, Liquid and Hybrid Rocket Propulsion System
Edge Computing Cryogenic and Semi-Cryogeneic Engine Developments
Cloud-Based Control Micro-Propulsion Systems for Small Satellites
Industrial Communication Protocols Green Propellants
Sensors, Vision and Actuation
MEMS Sensors
Tactile Sensors
Force Sensing
Sensor Fusion
State Estimation
Machine Vision
Image Processing
Smart Material Actuators
Special Applications in Automation
Medical Robotics
Rehabilitation Robotics
Agricultural Automation
Legged Robots
Drones
Autonomous Vehicles
Logistics and Warehousing Automation
Space Robotics
Underwater Robotic Systems

The 1st International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics (ICM³ 2026), hosted by Mahindra University, Hyderabad aims to provide a platform for graduate and research scholars, as well as scientists in industry and academia, to share new research and highlight ongoing R&D work. The conference theme, “Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics: Engineering the Future,” balances classical mechanical engineering with future-focused innovations. The conference will feature keynote lectures by invited experts and technical paper presentations.

We invite submissions of papers from the following tracks:

  • Mechanics & Dynamics: This track covers topics like applied and computational mechanics, fluid and thermal systems, biomechanics, finite element analysis, and multi-body dynamics.
  • Materials & Manufacturing: Areas of focus include advanced materials, microstructures and composites, conventional and advanced manufacturing, additive and digital manufacturing, and sustainable and smart manufacturing systems.
  • Mechatronics & Automation: This track encompasses mechatronic systems and control, robotics and intelligent automation, industrial and smart automation, and special applications in automation.
  • Energy & Propulsion: Topics include sustainable energy systems, solar and wind energy, energy storage, air-breathing propulsion, and rocket propulsion.

Conference Committee:

Chief Patrons:

  • Yajulu Medury, Vice Chancellor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Bishnu Pal, Dean Academics, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Arya Bhattacharya, Dean Research, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Arun Pujari, Advisor & Professor Emeritus, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Conference Chair:

  • Debasis Chakraborty, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Conveners:

  • Sebastian Uppapalli, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Technical Program Committee:

  • K. Ananthanarayanan – Advisor, DRDL, Hyderabad
  • Sandeep Thakur, Advisor, Airbus India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru
  • Kondaiah Pulla, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Gouripriya S, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Manjul Sharma, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Track Chairs:

  • Mechanics & Dynamics
    • Prasad Pokkunuri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Materials & Manufacturing
    • Palash Roy Choudhury, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Mechatronics & Automation
    • Deep Seth, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Energy & Propulsion
    • Ravi Bompelly, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Organizing Committee Chairs: 

  • Finance and Budget
    • Sebastian Uppapall, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Publicity and Outreach
    • K. M. Kiran Babu, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Pre-Conference Workshops
    • Jagan Padbidri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Logistics and Venue
    • Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Awards and Grants
    • Prahallada J, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Sponsorship and Exhibition
    • Devanandham Henry, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Registration
    • Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Volunteer Coordination
    • Praveen Konka, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
Call for Papers (CFP) 10 October 2025
Last Date for Submission of Extended Abstracts 10 November 2025
Notification of Accepted Papers 10 January 2025
Last Date Early Bird Registration 10 February 2026
Submission of Camera Ready Paper 10 March 2026
Last Date for Registration 15 March 2026
Conference 23 – 25 March 2026
Track 1:  Mechanics & Dynamics Track 2:  Materials and Manufacturing
Applied Mechanics  Conventional and Advanced Manufacturing
Biomechanics Machining, Casting, Forming, and Joining
Finite Element Analysis for Solids and Fluids Micro/Nano Manufacturing
Engineering Optimization Tool Wear
Fatigue, Fracture and Failure Analysis Surface Integrity
Fluid Structure Interaction Process Optimization
Multi-Body Dynamics Tribology in High-Speed and Precision Manufacturing
Fluid and Thermal Systems Additive and Digital Manufacturing
Fundamental Studies in Fluid Mechanics 3D/4D printing of Metals, Polymers and Ceramics
Instability, Transition and Turbulence Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
Measurement Techniques for Fluid Flow Digital Twins
Multi-Phase Flow Process Monitoring and Data Driven Manufacturing
Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing Systems
Thermal Systems Simulation Energy Efficient Manufacturing
Eco-Friendly Manufacturing
AI-Integrated Manufacturing
Life Cycle Analysis
Industry 4.0
Internet of Things
Automation for Flexible and Intelligent Production Systems
Material and Characterization
Nanomaterials
Composites
Functional and Smart Materials
Surface Coatings
Advanced characterization techniques (SEM, XRD and TEM)
Track 3:  Mechatronics and Automation Track 4:  Energy and Propulsion
 Mechatronic System and Control Solar Energy Systems
Embedded Systems Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems and Innovations
Smart Actuators and Sensors Solar Tracking Systems and Performance Optimization
Real-Time Control Wind Energy Systems
Modeling and Simulation Onshore and Offshore Wind Farm Design
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Aerodynamics and Blade Optimization
Adaptive Control Wind Turbine Control Systems and Condition Monitoring
Robust Control Hybrid Wind-Solar Systems
Model Predictive Control Energy Storage and AI
Robotics and Intelligent Automation Flow Batteries and Long-Duration Storage Systems
Mobile Robots Thermal Energy Storage and Phase-Change Materials
Autonomous Navigation Hydrogen and Ammonia as Energy Storage Mediums
Robot Kinematics and Dynamics Supercapacitors and Flywheel Energy Storage
Trajectory Planning AI Based Battery Management Systems (BMS) and Safety
Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) AI Based Renewables Forecasting
Swarm Robotics Airbreathing Propulsion
AI in control Advances in Jet Engine Technology
Machine Learning Turbomachinery Aerodynamics
Machine Vision Design and Optimization
Industrial and Smart Automation Turbine Heat Transfer and Colling
PLCs Gas Turbine Combustion
SCADA Systems Combustion Modeling
ProcessAutomation Variable Cycle Engines for Future Combat Aircraft
Industry 4.0 AI and Machine Learning in Engine Health Monitoring
Cyber-Physical Systems Supersonic and Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion
Industrial IoT (IIOT) Rotating Detonation Engines
Predictive Maintenance Rocket Propulsion
Digital Twins Solid, Liquid and Hybrid Rocket Propulsion System
Edge Computing Cryogenic and Semi-Cryogeneic Engine Developments
Cloud-Based Control Micro-Propulsion Systems for Small Satellites
Industrial Communication Protocols Green Propellants
Sensors, Vision and Actuation
MEMS Sensors
Tactile Sensors
Force Sensing
Sensor Fusion
State Estimation
Machine Vision
Image Processing
Smart Material Actuators
Special Applications in Automation
Medical Robotics
Rehabilitation Robotics
Agricultural Automation
Legged Robots
Drones
Autonomous Vehicles
Logistics and Warehousing Automation
Space Robotics
Underwater Robotic Systems

The 1st International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics (ICM³ 2026), hosted by Mahindra University, Hyderabad aims to provide a platform for graduate and research scholars, as well as scientists in industry and academia, to share new research and highlight ongoing R&D work. The conference theme, “Mechanics, Materials and Mechatronics: Engineering the Future,” balances classical mechanical engineering with future-focused innovations. The conference will feature keynote lectures by invited experts and technical paper presentations.

We invite submissions of papers from the following tracks:

  • Mechanics & Dynamics: This track covers topics like applied and computational mechanics, fluid and thermal systems, biomechanics, finite element analysis, and multi-body dynamics.
  • Materials & Manufacturing: Areas of focus include advanced materials, microstructures and composites, conventional and advanced manufacturing, additive and digital manufacturing, and sustainable and smart manufacturing systems.
  • Mechatronics & Automation: This track encompasses mechatronic systems and control, robotics and intelligent automation, industrial and smart automation, and special applications in automation.
  • Energy & Propulsion: Topics include sustainable energy systems, solar and wind energy, energy storage, air-breathing propulsion, and rocket propulsion.

Conference Committee:

Chief Patrons:

  • Yajulu Medury, Vice Chancellor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Bishnu Pal, Dean Academics, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Arya Bhattacharya, Dean Research, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Arun Pujari, Advisor & Professor Emeritus, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Conference Chair:

  • Debasis Chakraborty, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Conveners:

  • Sebastian Uppapalli, Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
  • Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India

Technical Program Committee:

  • K. Ananthanarayanan – Advisor, DRDL, Hyderabad
  • Sandeep Thakur, Advisor, Airbus India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru
  • Kondaiah Pulla, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Gouripriya S, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Manjul Sharma, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Track Chairs:

  • Mechanics & Dynamics
    • Prasad Pokkunuri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Materials & Manufacturing
    • Palash Roy Choudhury, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Mechatronics & Automation
    • Deep Seth, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Energy & Propulsion
    • Ravi Bompelly, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.

Organizing Committee Chairs: 

  • Finance and Budget
    • Sebastian Uppapall, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Publicity and Outreach
    • K. M. Kiran Babu, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Pre-Conference Workshops
    • Jagan Padbidri, Associate Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Logistics and Venue
    • Harshavardhan Kalathur, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Awards and Grants
    • Prahallada J, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Sponsorship and Exhibition
    • Devanandham Henry, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Registration
    • Abhijit Bhattacharyya, Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
  • Volunteer Coordination
    • Praveen Konka, Assistant Professor, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India.
Call for Papers (CFP) 10 September 2025
Last Date for Submission of Extended Abstracts 10 November 2025
Notification of Accepted Papers 10 December 2025
Last Date Early Bird Registration 10 January 2026
Submission of Camera Ready Paper 10 February 2026
Last Date for Registration 10 March 2026
Conference 23 – 25 March 2026

Track 1:  Mechanics & Dynamics

  • Applied Mechanics
    • Biomechanics
    • Finite Element Analysis for Solids and Fluids
    • Engineering Optimization
    • Fatigue, Fracture and Failure Analysis
    • Fluid Structure Interaction
    • Multi-Body Dynamics
  • Fluid and Thermal Systems
    • Fundamental Studies in Fluid Mechanics
    • Instability, Transition and Turbulence
    • Measurement Techniques for Fluid Flow
    • Multi-Phase Flow
    • Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
    • Thermal Systems Simulation

Track 2:  Materials and Manufacturing

 Conventional and Advanced Manufacturing

    • Machining, Casting, Forming, and Joining
    • Micro/Nano Manufacturing
    • Tool Wear
    • Surface Integrity
    • Process Optimization
    • Tribology in High-Speed and Precision Manufacturing
  • Additive and Digital Manufacturing
    • 3D/4D printing of Metals, Polymers and Ceramics
    • Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM)
    • Digital Twins
    • Process Monitoring and Data Driven Manufacturing
  • Sustainable and Smart Manufacturing Systems
    • Energy Efficient Manufacturing
    • Eco-Friendly Manufacturing
    • AI-Integrated Manufacturing
    • Life Cycle Analysis
    • Industry 4.0
    • Internet of Things
    • Automation for Flexible and Intelligent Production Systems
  • Material and Characterization
    • Nanomaterials
    • Composites
    • Functional and Smart Materials
    • Surface Coatings
    • Advanced characterization techniques (SEM, XRD and TEM)

Track 3:  Mechatronics and Automation

 Mechatronic System and Control

    • Embedded Systems
    • Smart Actuators and Sensors
    • Real-Time Control
    • Modeling and Simulation
    • Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL)
    • Adaptive Control
    • Robust Control
    • Model Predictive Control
  • Robotics and Intelligent Automation
    • Mobile Robots
    • Autonomous Navigation
    • Robot Kinematics and Dynamics
    • Trajectory Planning
    • Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)
    • Swarm Robotics
    • AI in control
    • Machine Learning
    • Machine Vision
  • Industrial and Smart Automation
    • PLCs
    • SCADA Systems
    • ProcessAutomation
    • Industry 4.0
    • Cyber-Physical Systems
    • Industrial IoT (IIOT)
    • Predictive Maintenance
    • Digital Twins
    • Edge Computing
    • Cloud-Based Control
    • Industrial Communication Protocols
  • Sensors, Vision and Actuation
    • MEMS Sensors
    • Tactile Sensors
    • Force Sensing
    • Sensor Fusion
    • State Estimation
    • Machine Vision
    • Image Processing
    • Smart Material Actuators
  • Special Applications in Automation
    • Medical Robotics
    • Rehabilitation Robotics
    • Agricultural Automation
    • Legged Robots
    • Drones
    • Autonomous Vehicles
    • Logistics and Warehousing Automation
    • Space Robotics
    • Underwater Robotic Systems 

Track 4:  Energy and Propulsion 

  • Solar Energy Systems
    • Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems and Innovations
    • Solar Tracking Systems and Performance Optimization
  • Wind Energy Systems
    • Onshore and Offshore Wind Farm Design
    • Aerodynamics and Blade Optimization
    • Wind Turbine Control Systems and Condition Monitoring
    • Hybrid Wind-Solar Systems
  • Energy Storage and AI
    • Flow Batteries and Long-Duration Storage Systems
    • Thermal Energy Storage and Phase-Change Materials
    • Hydrogen and Ammonia as Energy Storage Mediums
    • Supercapacitors and Flywheel Energy Storage
    • AI Based Battery Management Systems (BMS) and Safety
    • AI Based Renewables Forecasting
  • Airbreathing Propulsion
    • Advances in Jet Engine Technology
    • Turbomachinery Aerodynamics
    • Design and Optimization
    • Turbine Heat Transfer and Colling
    • Gas Turbine Combustion
    • Combustion Modeling
    • Variable Cycle Engines for Future Combat Aircraft
    • AI and Machine Learning in Engine Health Monitoring
    • Supersonic and Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion
    • Rotating Detonation Engines
  • Rocket Propulsion
    • Solid, Liquid and Hybrid Rocket Propulsion System
    • Cryogenic and Semi-Cryogeneic Engine Developments
    • Micro-Propulsion Systems for Small Satellites
    • Green Propellants